Eco-efficiency performance analysis of recycled concrete aggregates as sustainable alternative material in road pavement: an eco-value/cost ratio modeling approach

In the construction industry, eco-efficiency refers to increasing the value generated through modifications to processes while minimizing resource or material consumption and lowering the environmental impact over the material or service's life. Furthermore, eco-efficiency applies to all facets of construction, from material procurement and construction to marketing and distribution. Hence, this study compares the efficiency of applying natural coarse aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate in road pavement systems. Evaluations of the literature first demonstrate the effects of both natural and recycled concrete aggregate in the various road surface projects that are now underway. Also, measures were selected to evaluate eco-efficiency. This comprises the ratio of environmental value added to environmental impact, economic value to raw material costs, and environmental impact to economic benefits. Results show that both natural and recycled aggregates are utilized and consumed in ways that are both sustainable and unsustainable. The utilization of natural aggregates in concrete is decreasing, and they have a bigger environmental impact than recovered aggregates.Therefore, in so as to achieve sustainable construction and maximize profitability, greater emphasis needs to be given to maximizing the potential of recycled aggregates in road pavement construction. This can be achieved by implementing government incentives for projects that utilize recycled materials. Additionally, raising awareness through educational campaigns about the environmental and economic benefits of using recycled aggregates can encourage more widespread adoption. Furthermore, investing in research to improve the quality and performance of recycled materials can make them a more attractive option for construction projects.