Enhancing Sign Language Communication: Advanced Gesture Recognition Models for Indian Sign Language

Globally, millions of individuals experience varying degrees of hearing impairment, creating an urgent demand for effective communication solutions. The limited number of proficient sign language users exacerbates this challenge. Recent advancements in machine learning provide promising avenues to address this issue. This study introduces an innovative automated system that translates one of the most popular sign languages, namely, Indian Sign Language (ISL), into English text using a webcam. Our comprehensive dataset includes ~1M images across 36 categories, covering digits (0-9) and alphabet letters (A-Z). The dataset features diverse gestures captured from various angles and performed by 6 individuals with different characteristics followed by data augmentation. We evaluated the effectiveness of 5 models, 3 standards and 2 customized respectively: (1) MobileNetV2, a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) optimized for mobile applications, (2) VGG16, a well-established pre-trained deep learning model, (3) the standard CNN, (4) a custom-designed CNN tailored for ISL recognition, trained on 32x32 images for 20 epochs, (5) Customized MobileNetV2 for ISL recognition retrained on 128x128 images for 20 epochs. Both customized models achieved an F1-Score of 94 whilst standard ones achieved an F1-Score of no more than 85. The comprehensive comparison underscores the enhanced accuracy and efficiency of our custom models, establishing it as a significant advancement in sign language recognition.