On 7 October 2023 some arguments began that continue to this day.[1] Did the Hamas-led attack on Israel come out of the blue or was it a response to decades of domination and dispossession? Was it an incomprehensible act of savagery or a long-awaited prison break? A well-timed strike at a complacent oppressor or a counter-productive mistake? Were its intended targets military or civilian or both?
| Original language | English |
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| Specialist publication | Communis |
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| Publisher | Communis Press |
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| Publication status | Published - 11 Jun 2025 |
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The following essay by Peter Hallward first appeared on Humanity Journal on 7 June 2025 under the title “From a Right of Self-Defence to the Fact of Conquest”. It is now reproduced on Communis with permission from Humanity and Peter Hallward.