Investigation comparing clinicians’ knowledge of Sickle Cell Disease

Introduction: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a common inherited haemoglobinopathy with significant oral and systemic implications. Despite its prevalence in multi-ethnic populations in the UK, there is limited evidence on clinicians’ awareness and understanding of the condition. This study aimed to compare the knowledge of doctors and dentists regarding SCD, including awareness of at-risk populations, disease features, and clinical management.

Methods: A questionnaire assessing knowledge and attitudes toward SCD was distributed to clinicians at Kingston Hospital (KH) and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (KCH). Data were collected between August 2023 and January 2024 using convenience sampling in divisional meetings, clinics, and via email. Responses were analysed descriptively using percentages and frequencies, with cross-tabulation performed to compare doctors’ and dentists’ knowledge.

Results: A total of 100 clinicians participated (64 doctors, 36 dentists). While 81% correctly identified African/African-Caribbean patients as at risk, few recognised other affected groups such as Middle Eastern (6%) or South Asian (10%) populations. Only one participant (1%) identified all correct at-risk ethnicities. Sixty-two percent correctly identified the Hb SS genotype as Sickle Cell Anaemia, with doctors performing better than dentists (78% vs 48%). Two-thirds (66%) recognised that sickle cell trait is clinically benign, with dentists demonstrating higher accuracy (74% vs 57%). Knowledge of clinical features was limited: only 34% correctly identified that iron deficiency anaemia is not a feature of SCD.

Conclusion: This study highlights variability and gaps in knowledge of SCD among doctors and dentists, particularly regarding at-risk demographics and disease features. Improving education, clinical guidance, and cultural awareness is essential to ensure appropriate screening, timely diagnosis, and effective management of patients with SCD.