Laments and serenades: relationship marketing and legitimation strategies for the cultural entrepreneur

This paper investigates how the marketing/entrepreneurship interface functions within the cultural sector. Specifically, the paper considers how cultural entrepreneurs in the music industry market not to customers, but to networks that control the resources necessary to support entrepreneurial ventures. Evidence is drawn from the qualitative research of a study on access to finance by owner-managers of independent music companies (‟cultural entrepreneurs”). The findings support the notion that ‟legitimation” is a key factor in accessing such resources. Cultural entrepreneurs have difficulties in establishing either ‟pragmatic legitimation” (derived from the self-interest of organisations across marketing networks) or ‟cognitive legitimation” (derived from perceptions of normality and conformity within marketing networks). Marketing strategies at both individual and industry level are put forward to overcome these barriers. For individual businesses, a ‟selection strategy” using creative clusters or a ‟manipulation strategy” that manages the cultural environment are recommended. The implications for relationship marketing models are discussed.