Precise 3D simulations in bridge deck inspections of ground penetrating radar survey

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive technology widely used for the structural mapping of bridge deck pavements. However, since traditional numerical simulation models have limitations in accuracy – inevitably resulting in dissatisfaction with current research – our study develops a refined three-dimensional GPR simulation model for enhanced imaging applications and fine structure inversion. The model comprises a mechanical construction, using a discrete element method (DEM) to accurately simulate coarse aggregate positioning. MATLAB is then employed for domain discretization and the integration of fine aggregate and asphalt binder. Subsequently, the study undertakes GPR numerical simulations using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with gprMax software. The results show a level of error between simulation results and empirical values below 2%, and a discrepancy between simulation results and measured data below 3%, demonstrating the high accuracy of the proposed method in simulating GPR responses in bridge deck pavements.