Synthesis of spinal CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles assitael with cetramide and applied in removal of direct orange 39 dye

A cobalt ferrite nanocomposite is used as an affordable nano-adsorbent in this investigation. It can be deposited easily. This study uses simple adsorption to remove toxic direct orange 39 dye from aqueous solution. This process has been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray magnetometer energy-dispersive analysis. The EDX spectra show prominent peaks for iron, suggesting it is somewhat abundant in the composition. This study examined the effectiveness of the adsorbent in removing dye from an aqueous solution based on time, concentration, dosage, temperature, and pH. Analysis showed 44.2% iron, 31.3% oxygen, and 16.6% cobalt, confirming their excellent purity as CoFe₂O₄nanoparticles. Cobalt’s atomic ratio to iron was 0.4362, which matches the expected 0.5 stoichiometry. Notably, XRD patterns showed no extra peaks, indicating no contamination. Sample purity was ensured by measuring Bragg reflections between 7.0054 and 79.9904. The sample’s cobalt ferrite NPs had cubic unit cell-like peaks, indicating an inverted spinel structure. Using statistical analysis and the Debye-Scherer equation, the crystallite size in CoFe₂O₄was determined to be 30.9 nm. Adsorption efficacy was strongly correlated with temperature, with the maximum efficiency of 97.82% at 10°C. The perfect removal of 5 ppm of direct orange 39 dye using 0.025 g of CoFe₂O₄NPs turned into pH 6 at 45 min. The ∆H^oof adsorption is -87.6462 kJ/mol (exothermic) which emphasizes energy release, moderate interaction strength, and favorable adsorption; efficiency reduces with higher temperatures. The CoFe₂O₄adsorbent can be reused for a maximum of three cycles.