Towards in-between nature-culture: walking along the river... on the road... in the city…

Throughout the genealogy of Chinese landscape art (Shanshui 山水 or Mountains & Rivers), the historic legacies and contexts of the Scroll have been widely used as literary traditions (文人) that interplay among image, calligraphy, poetry, text, and painting. Through walking among mountainous landscapes with massive crags and narrow fissures between rocks, and water flowing, landscape art depicts aesthetic, philosophical, and religious qualities as art genre and as subjects of Nature. This PhD investigates an entangled field of artworks, literary and philosophical texts, nature writing, digital images, and moving-image on spaces of possibility and the imaginary, by which landscapes have been illustrated, the research argues, as cultural construction.

An important aspect of the project is that the Practice-based Research (PbR) has been initiated by the dichotomous propositions from Robert Smithson’s A Tour of the Monuments of Passaic, New Jersey. Smithson documented and walked, referring to Walking As Art, or, Walkscapes, as claimed by Careri, across the post-industrial city of Passaic. Smithson’s writing creates a cultural and textural space of art production (as mediation, representation, mimesis, and a documentary process), which echoes an anti-landscape and anti-aesthetic, developed through my research questions and arguments. Referring to and exploring the walking-writings and thoughts from 18th century to present, the research also experiments with and contextualizes the dialectical questions of how Nature has been widely adapted as the key to creative practices and production in relation to the extensive-SCAPES study or in the representative view, such as in Landscapes, Seascapes, Riverscapes, Mountainscapes, Cityscapes, Streetscapes, Soundscapes, Walkscapes, Picturescapes, Imagescapes, and Videoscapes. Thus, the unique artistic form- SCROLL would be employed as critical scapes and scopes in contributing to both practical and theoretical investigation.

The methodological framework expands the philosophical SCROLLs within contemporary art, by which photo documentations, fiction-like writings and travelogue have been illustrated as critical reflections on City Modernization and Urbanization in a view of cityscapes, that further contextualize via artistic praxis and extensive theories. The research is, thus, situated within this trajectory as trans or inter- disciplinary studies in focusing on the still-image and moving-image. Thus, the term MOVing-Image has been coined to describe the dynamism and rapid changes in nature.

This PhD thesis mainly consists of three research SCROLLs: Walking Along the River, On the Road..., and In the City… that demonstrate Walking/ the Flâneur as a significant artistic-interventive tactic to further explain and illustrate an interceptive/interactive/interpretative praxis for creating contemporary art outcomes in terms of literary or visual representations.

The findings also contribute to the research arguments and to distinct knowledge by exploring new hybrid MOVing-Image forms (Manovich, 2006), via theoretical and practical contributions- a methodology which extensively updates definitions of MOVing-Image. Especially, the emergence and resurgence of the visual representation of SCROLLs as MOVing-Image is further examined in terms of experimentation in reference to significant aspects of the Entanglement between such concepts as East and West, Nature and Culture, and High and Low.

Finally, this PhD research also contributes to contemporary art practices that explore movement and its mediation, especially through the analogue and digital MOVing-Image.