Utilizing dual polarized array GPR system for shallow urban road pavement foundation in environmental studies: a case study

Maintaining the integrity of urban road pavements is vital for public safety, transportation efficiency, and economic stability. However, aging infrastructure and limited budgets make it challenging to detect subsurface defects that can lead to pavement collapses. Traditional inspection methods are often inadequate for identifying such underground anomalies. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), especially dual-polarized array systems, offers a non-destructive, high-resolution solution for subsurface inspection. Despite its potential, effectively detecting and analyzing areas at risk of collapse in urban pavements remains a challenge. This study employed a dual-polarized array GPR system to inspect road pavements in London. The research involved comprehensive field testing, including data acquisition, signal processing, calibration, background noise removal, and 3D migration for enhanced imaging. Additionally, Short-Fourier Transform Spectrum (SFTS) analysis was applied to detect moisture-related anomalies. The res