When TCFD meets TNFD: can it revolutionize corporate sustainable risk management?

Amid escalating environmental risks, this study explores the novel integration of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) as a transformative approach to corporate sustainable risk management. Firms currently grapple with fragmented ESG frameworks and overlapping disclosure mandates, which heighten reporting burdens and exacerbate information asymmetry. Through a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of 276 peer-reviewed articles, this research uncovers significant redundancies in sustainability reporting and a pronounced imbalance between the established TCFD literature and the nascent TNFD scholarship. The study reveals that embedding biodiversity risks within climate disclosures enhances corporate resilience, transparency, and strategic adaptability. A critical theoretical synthesis drawing on legitimacy, stakeholder, institutional, agency, and signaling theories demonstrates that aligning TCFD and TNFD frameworks fosters coherent, credible, and cost-effective reporting. This integration not only streamlines compliance but also strengthens investor confidence and governance quality. By mapping thematic clusters and identifying disclosure challenges, governance drivers, and adaptive strategies, the study offers a timely and original contribution to sustainability discourse. It provides actionable insights for scholars, regulators, and policymakers seeking to harmonize climate and nature-related disclosures and advance global standards for integrated environmental risk management.